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English Acronyms
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APFSDS
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Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot; a type of anti-tank
rounds that defeat an armored target by means of kinetic energy of a subcaliber
projectile placed inside of a sheath, or 'sabot', that is discarded in
flight. Russian APFSDS rounds have a designation 3BM[number].
(See 2A46 ammo)
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APS
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Active Protection System; a system that automatically intercepts threats
that attack the protected object in the immediate vicinity of the object.
Essentially the APS is a super-close-in system of "anti-missile defense"
that creates an "active" zone of protection at a safe distance around the
objects. (See Arena APS)
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ATGM
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Anti-Tank Guided Missile
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EOCMDAS
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Electro-Optical Counter-Measures Defensive Aids Suite; a system that interferes
with the operation of guided munitions and FCS, degrading their effectiveness.
(See Shtora EOCMDAS)
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ERA
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Explosive Reactive Armor; an applique armor that consists of a HE layer between
two metal slabs. When a HEAT round strikes a ERA package,
HE layer detonates inducing a spin of metal slabs which causes HEAT jet to
collapse or lose penetrating power. Modern Russian ERA is also effective against
APFSDS rounds. (See On ERA,
Kontakt-5 ERA)
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FCS
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Fire Control System; a complex of targeting, rangefinding, fire solution computation,
and sensor equipment that enhances the fire accuracy, especially at long ranges.
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HE
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High Explosive
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HEAT
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High Explosive Anti-Tank; a type of anti-tank
rounds that defeat an armored target by means of a hyper-velocity jet that
is formed when a charge consisting of a concave metal hemisphere or cone (known as a liner)
backed by a high explosive detonates. Russian HEAT projectiles have
a designation 3BK[number]. (See 2A46 ammo)
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HEF
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High Explosive Fragmentation; a type of rounds that contains a HE charge together
with preformed hitting elements or a controlled fragmentation layer, increasing its
anti-personel effectiveness. Russian tank-carried HEF projectiles have a designation
3OF[number]. (See 2A46 ammo)
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MBT
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Main Battle Tank.
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NBC
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Nuclear, Biological, Chemical; the use of these types of weapons on a battlefield, or
tanks equipment designed to protect the crew from the effects of these weapons.
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RHA
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Rolled Homogeneous Armor; a process of armor manufacturing that ensures its uniformity
and enhances resistance to penetration. Often used in the same sense as RHAe.
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RHAe
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Rolled Homogeneous Armor Equivalent; an equivalent RHA thickness of a given armor package
against a given type of threats in terms of penetration resistance. Modern armor packages
may be several times more efficient against certain threats than RHA of the same thickness.
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Russian Acronyms (transcription)
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BK
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In rounds and projectiles designations -- Broneboinyi Kumulyativnyi (Armor-Piercing Cumulative), HEAT
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BM
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In rounds and projectiles designations -- Beats Me 
Seriously though, B obviously stands for Broneboinyi (Armor-Piercing), but
what the Hell is M? Help welcome!
(I have received a version that this, historically, stands for Broneboinyi
Moschnyi (Armor-Piercing Increased Power). Might be... The quest continues)
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DVE
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Datchik Vetra Emkostnoy, Capacity Wind Sensor
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GTD
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Gazoturbinnyi Dvigatel, Gas-Turbine Engine
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OPVT
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Oborudovanie Podvodnogo Vozhdenija Tanka, Underwater Tank Driving Equipment
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PKT
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Pulemyot Kalashnikova Tankovyi, Kalashnikov Machine-gun Tank version
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PNK
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Pritsel'no-Nabludatel'nyi Kompleks, [Commander's] Targetting and Observation Complex
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T
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In tanks designations -- Guess yourself
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TKN
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Tankovyi Kompleks Nabludeniya, Tank Observation Complex
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TNA
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Tankovaya Navigatsionnaya Apparatura, Tank Navigation Equipment
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U
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In rounds designations -- Upravlyaemyi, Guided
In rounds designations -- Unitarnyi, Unitary
In tanks designations -- Usovershenstvovannyi, Improved
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V
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In rounds designations -- Vystrel, Round
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