TTK Ciar's Main Battle Tank Resources Site Map


Last updated 2003-06-01

 
Pakistani Al-Zarrar Type-59 Upgrade

 
    This is a list of MBT-related documents and images that I have accumulated and archived on my system.  The initial intention was simply to make accessing them faster for me, but then I thought they might make a decent web page too.
 
 
    I make no promises about the correctness of this information, or that it will display well on your browser.  If a page is broken, I may or may not ever get around to fixing it.  I may or may not respond to emails on the subject.  Having said that, :-) have fun and good luck!
 
    Some documents have been temporarily suspended -- namely the ISB and IJIE documents and most of the images. They will be re-enabled by February 23rd at the very latest, possibly earlier. I apologize for this interruption.
 
 
    Click -- Go Back to TTK Ciar's MBT Resources
    Click -- Go Back to TTK Ciar's Home Page
 
 
Jump to a section below:
     About Ongoing Work on This Page
     Locally-Archived Mirrors of Journal Publications and Other Sites
     Tanks - Misc Topics
     Tanks - Specific Models
     Non-MBT Armored Fighting Vehicles
     Vehicle Images
     Closeup on Al-Khalid (and related)
     Tank Armor - Historical Interest
     Tank Armor - Modern Designs
     Active and Unconventional Defenses
     Tank Guns
     Small Arms
     Munitions - General (all types)
     Munitions - HEAT
     Munitions - HESH
     Munitions - APFSDS
     Missiles
     Artillery
     Strategy and Tactics
     Miscellaneous Documents
     Links to External Sites (Not Locally Archived)
 
 
 
About This Page
    The original intention behind this page was to make it easier for me to access my locally-archived materials, without having to put too much work into it.  It was a nice thought.  Working on it and making it look and behave better has become a favorite means of procrastination for me.  The "T-90 vs M1A2" discussion, for instance, was not very useful, and I've taken the time to organize it and clean it up.  There was a lot of good information in there mixed with utter garbage, and I tried to distill it for the good information.
 
    I've also added a list of external links to other people's web sites at the bottom of the page.  This is partly because there are MBT resources I like to keep an eye on which change periodically (ie, "tanks for sale" sites) but also because in some cases, linking to the site was deemed more suitable than caching a local copy.
 
    2003-05-28 - Posted more International Journal of Impact Engineering publications, here (thanks again, Paul!).
 
    2003-05-08 - My MBT Resources site has been a bit neglected of late, partially due to my own procrastination in the face of the daunting tasks of reorganizing the page and adding new material.  One point of progress is the addition of publications from the International Journal of Impact Engineering, thanks to Paul Lakowski.  The index page for these publications is linked from the Mirrors/Archives section.
 
    2002-07-30 - Egads, I just added a lot of new stuff!  Once again, I need to seriously rethink the organizational layout of this web site.  I am going to be tweaking the current page for a while, when I have time.  The next major change will probably be to break it up into many smaller web pages (but with a site map available, for those of us who like a single large index), add another layer of indexing to some sections, and figure out a better way of organizing the captured usenet posts.  Until that happens, I am unlikely to add much more in the ways of content (though I am always collecting stuff as I find it).
 
    2002-07-22 - Once again, I have a lot more content collected which I hope to put on this web site soon.  Unfortunately, little of it regards Chinese AFV technology.  The darned stuff is hard to come by!  I will continue working at it, though.
 
    2002-07-10 - Important News: On request from FAS, I have removed my mirror of the FAS web site from this server.  I have been corresponding with FAS to see what I might do to obtain permission to host this information again, but it seems unlikely in the foreseeable future.  If the situation changes, the mirror might return.  In the meantime, The links to the FAS web site remain intact.  I apologize for the inconvenience.
 
    2002-04-26 - Took the advice of Nanoman, and put up a graphic of a tank near the top of the page.  Normally I dislike cluttering a page with needless bandwidth-sucking imagery, but at this point the page html is many times larger than the (8KB) image.  Also, decided to take down the background image.
 
    I'm trying to research Chinese MBT's some, but good info seems hard to come by.  Also, making up a unified database of AFV specifications.  When done, it will incorporate information from FAS's site and others, and will be available in XML and tab-delimited formats.  Eventually I hope to have some CGI in place here which allows users to generate charts on the fly, segmented by various vehicle characteristics.
 
    2002-03-21 - I have a lot more stuff to put up here, but I want to figure out how to better-organize the site, first.
 
    Eventually I hope to get a discussion Phorum working on this page, but getting the Phorum package working is proving a bit problematic.  If you need to contact me in the meantime, please send email to "t t k (at) c i a r . o r g".
 
 
 
General
These are some generally informative sites I have archived on my local server.  Click on the description to view my archive, or click on the '[LINK]' to the right of the description to visit the actual site (which might be faster, depending on network conditions).
Archive[DEACTIVATED] Mirror of FAS's USA Land Forces Index[LINK]
Archive[DEACTIVATED] Mirror of FAS's "Rest of World" Land Forces Index[LINK]
ArchiveMirror of Vasiliy Fofanov's Modern Russian Armour [OLD SITE][LINK]
ArchiveMirror of Vasiliy Fofanov's Modern Russian Armour [NEW SITE][LINK]
ArchiveProceedings of 19th International Symposium on Ballistics - Many physicists' publications on advanced armor and weapon techniques
ArchiveSome International Journal of Impact Engineering publications - Many physicists' publications on advanced armor and weapon techniques (Updated 2003-05-08)
ArchiveMore International Journal of Impact Engineering publications - Many physicists' publications on advanced armor and weapon techniques (Updated 2003-06-01)
 
Tanks - Misc Topics
This section is for documents related to tanks in a very general way.
PDF Speculation on the Future of MBT's [.pdf]
TEXTWhats and Whys of Tank Destroyers in WWII [text]
TEXTAnother Perspective on Tank Destroyers [text]
HTMLThe Main Battle Tank and Mechanized Armour Warfare by Peter Eriksson (short)
PDFRecent Assessment of Many Modern MBT's (a little biased, in my opinion)
IMAGEExploded Diagram of Tank Chassis (Type-59, I think, not sure)
HTMLMain Battle Tanks Worldwide: Fact Sheet
TEXTArticle - Tanks in Korea by Mikhail Baryatinsky
HTMLCream Paper 6 - Thinking the Unthinkable - Is There Need for a Main Battle Tank in the British Army?
HTMLA Feasibility Study on the Chief of Staff of the Army's Transformation Plan by David T Pyne, Esquire (Lengthly Critique of Future Combat System)
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - A Story and Some Trivia
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - The "Real" Version of That Story
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Combined Forces the Norm
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Partisan/Anti Tactics
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Debate on General Tactics
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Debate on General Tactics, Cont'd
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Debate on General Tactics, Cont'd
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Stats on Russian Armor and NATO Munitions
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Formula for Computing Penetration of APFSDS
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Refutations of Previous Two Articles
TEXTDiscussion - Air Filters, Dust, and Human Factors
HTMLDiscussion - Modern Iranian Mobile Armor
HTMLDiscussion - Are Tanks Still Necessary?
HTMLDiscussion - Recognizing Russian Tanks, Many Models
TEXTDiscussion - Lineages of Chinese Tanks
TEXTDiscussion - Iranian Armor Inventory
TEXTDiscussion - Iranian Armor Inventory
TEXTDiscussion - LAV Tire Vulnerability
TEXTDiscussion - LAV Effectiveness vs MBT
TEXTArticle - Amoured Vehicles of Russia - Today and Tomorrow by Mikhail Baryatinsky
HTMLDiscussion - Creature Comforts in Mobile Armor
HTMLDiscussion - More on Creature Comforts in Mobile Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Fording Rivers in Russian Tanks
 
Tanks - Specific Models
This section is for documents related to the details of specific models of tank.  Note the separate Al-Khalid MBT section, and also see the FAS and Fofanov archives, which contain detailed descriptions of several dozens of tanks.
Please note:
   T-<##> = Russian or Ukrainian Tanks (T-80, T-84, T-90, etc)
   Type-<##> = Chinese Tanks (Type-80, Type-85, Type-90, etc)
PDF Excellent Collection of Many Tank Specifications -- Detailed Overview of AMX-13, M41A3, PT-76B, Scorpion, Chieftain-Mk5, Leopard-2, T-55AMV, T-62M, T-72B, T-72M1, T-80B, T-80U, Type-59-II, and Type-85-IIM
HTMLRussian T-90S Specifications
PDF The Russian T-90S: Coming Into Focus by Warford, Armor magazine, September-October 1997
GIF Line drawing of T-90
JPEGImage of T-90S
JPEGExcellent picture of T-90S
PDF Technical Review of M1A2 (1998) [.pdf]
HTMLSherman M4-A2-E8 - Includes Nice Pictures
HTMLStats on Versions of Sherman M4
HTMLDetailed Description of T-72 MBT
HTMLMBT Projects Gone By: America's T-28 and T-70
IMAGELine Drawing of M1 Tank with External Systems Labelled
HTMLCar and Driver Tests the M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tank
HTMLExcellent Overview and Specifications of Russian T-72 MBT
HTMLSpeculation on Russian T-95 from Journal of Military Ordnance (May 2000)
HTMLRussians Develop New-Generation Main Battle Tank by Ilya Kedrov and Sergei Sokut, for the Nezavisimaya Gazeta, March 17th 2001 (Regarding T-95)
HTMLDescription of Russian T-90S MBT
HTMLLong Overview of German Leopard-II MBT
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Chobham+DU Speculation
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - M1A2 Armor Trivia, KE Penetrator Book References
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - T-90 Armor Speculation
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Both Can Kill The Other at 2km
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - M1A2 Blow-Out Panels
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - M1A2 vs RPG
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Corrections to Previous Article, RPG-27
HTMLDiscussion - Interesting Details of Israeli Merkava Mk3 MBT
TEXTDiscussion - Challenger-I Dimensions
TEXTDiscussion - Challenger-I Dimensions
TEXTDiscussion - Challenger-I Dimensions
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Trivia
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Scheduled for Engine Upgrade in 2004
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Trivia
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Sensor Protection and Hypothetical Firing Rate
TEXTDiscussion - Molotov Overrated vs M1 Abrams
TEXTDiscussion - Comparing M1 Abrams to Challenger-2
TEXTDiscussion - Swedish Version of Leopard-2 MBT
TEXTDiscussion - American M-1 MBT and M-2 IFV in Terrain
HTMLDiscussion - Russia's T-95 Next Generation MBT (Heavy on Speculation and Rhetoric)
HTMLDiscussion - Creature Comforts and Other Minor MBT and APC Enhancements
TEXTDiscussion - Leopard 2A4S Armor Thicknesses
HTMLPicture and Stats of Chinese Type-90
 
 
Closeup on Pakistan's Al-Khalid and Al-Zarrar MBT
 
     I have paid a lot of attention to Pakistan's Al-Khalid MBT.  It just strikes me as a particularly nifty little tank.  Everyone I know tends to think of Pakistan (if they think of Pakistan at all) as a third-world backwater, and yet they have managed (with a lot of help from China) to come out with a highly functional, very modern, rather innovative main battle tank, and I find that utterly delightful.  Al-Khalid is basically a Chinese Type-90-II (China's standard export model), with imported Ukrainian engine (and a few other components), and the rest manufactured indigenously, with various Pakistani modifications and enhancements.  It is a nimble tank with a lot of firepower, an autoloader, and a modern firecontrol system.  Kudos to Pakistan!
 
     Al-Zarrar is another innovation coming out of Pakistan.  It is an upgrade to the Chinese Type-59 light tank which completely overhauls its major systems to modern equivalents -- armor, engine, transmission, suspension, communications, firecontrol, stabilization, autoloader, and main gun (upgraded to 125mm).
 
HTMLPakistan and the Arms Trade
HTMLAl-Khalid Article From Jane's Defense
HTMLAnalyst Compares Al-Khalid vs India's Arjun MBT
HTMLPakistani Brig. Muhammad Asaad on Al-Khalid
HTMLPakistani Lt. General (Retd) Sardar F S Lodi on Al-Khalid
HTMLArticle - Ukraine to Provide 315 Engines for New Al-Khalid Production
HTMLOverview of Pakistani Al-Khalid MBT Development
HTMLRumors of Malaysia Purchasing Al-Khalids from Pakistan
HTMLArticle - Statistics and Developmental Timeline of Al-Khalid MBT
HTMLPakistan Army Inventory
HTMLPakistani MBT Modernization Plans
HTMLOpinion Article About Al-Zarrar and Al-Khalid
HTMLPakistani Type-59 Upgrade (Al-Zarrar)
HTMLDescription of Pakistan's Al-Khalid MBT (biased)
PDF India's Arjun Tank Project (1996) [.pdf]
IMAGEAn Image of Pakistan's Al-Khalid MBT
IMAGEAnother Al-Khalid Image
IMAGEYet Another Al-Khalid Image (Al-Zarrar in Background)
IMAGEExcellent Picture of Pakistan's Al-Zarrar (T-59 Upgrade)
IMAGEPakistani T-80UD MBT
IMAGEPakistani Al-Khalid MBT
IMAGEPakistani Al-Khalid
IMAGEPakistani Al-Khalid
IMAGEPakistani Al-Khalid
IMAGEPakistani Al-Khalid
IMAGEPakistani Type-59 (NOT Al-Zarrar Upgrade)
IMAGELine Drawing of Pakistani Type-59
 
Non-MBT Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFV's)
This section is for documents related to AFV's other than MBT's, including Armored Personnel Carriers, Infantry Fighting Vehicles, Scouts, and Light Armored Vehicles such as the LAV-3 "Stryker", Rooikat, and America's FCS.
PDFAmerica's Future Combat System (1997)
PSThe M113 APC Workhorse by Martin Tingey
PSM113 APC - United Defense Awarded $98M to Upgrade Canadian M113A2 Fleet to M113A3
HTMLM113 - Characteristics of the M113A3 APC
PSM113 Upgrade Kits
HTMLM113-MTVL AFV Characteristics
TEXTDiscussion - An Enthusiastic Ex-Tanker's Opinions on M113 APC
TEXTDiscussion - M113 Upgrades in Australia, Performance in East Timor
TEXTArmy Veteran Exhorts the Virtues of the M113A3
TEXTStats and History of M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle
PDFLAV-3 Specifications Sheet
HTML[LAV-3] Stryker Gets New Armor, Decreases in Weight by Staff Sgt. Marcia Triggs
TEXTDiscussion - LAV-3 Stryker vs RPG-7
IMAGELine Drawing of American M-8 AGS
IMAGEArmor Protection Illustration of American M-8 AGS
HTMLDEXSA Land Sitrep -- Hints of Rooikat ICV, Review of Rooikat "Classic" and Other AFV's
HTMLSouth African Rooikat Specifications
HTMLMore Rooikat AFV Specifications
HTMLMore Rooikat Specifications
HTMLBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
HTMLBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
HTMLA Badly-Translated Article on Belarus 2T Stalker
HTMLBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV (in Russian)
HTMLFrench Centaur-3
HTMLIranian "Dio" APC
HTMLIranian "Dio" Scout AFV
HTMLSpeculation on Unidentified Iranian APC
HTMLSpecifications - Italian Ariete MBT
HTMLThe Tankita - Revisiting the Light Tank Concept
HTMLThe Tankita - Ideas and Critiques
LINKTankita Article Referenced Above Has Changed (but my archived copy has not, yet) -- Link to Original Site (I'll have a locally archived "cleaned up" copy linked here in January)
HTMLThe Tankita - Follow-Up on Ideas and Critiques
LINKTankita Article Referenced Above Has Changed (but my archived copy has not, yet) -- Link to Original Site (I'll have a locally archived "cleaned up" copy linked here in January)
PDFArticle: Experimental Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicles
TEXTDiscussion - Mobility and Firepower of American LAV-3
TEXTDiscussion - Urban Assault Vehicles Wish-List
 
Vehicle Images
Note that images of the Pakistani Al-Khalid and Al-Zarrar appear in the Al-Khalid section.
IMAGELine Drawing of American M-8 AGS
IMAGEGraphical Illustration of American M-8 AGS Armor Protection
IMAGEAmerican M-2 Bradley IFV
IMAGEAmerican Crusader Self-Propelled Howitzer
IMAGEOld USA T-28 "Super-Heavy" Tank
IMAGEAnother Image of the US T-28 "Super-Heavy"
IMAGESouth African Rooikat AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEBelarusian 2T Stalker Recon AFV
IMAGEChinese Type-59 (clone of Russian T-54)
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-59
IMAGEChinese Type-59 MBT
IMAGEChinese Type-59 MBT
IMAGEChinese Type-62
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-62
IMAGEYet Another Chinese Type-62
IMAGEChinese Type-63
IMAGEChinese Type-69-II
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-69-II
IMAGEYet Another Chinese Type-69-II
IMAGEAnd Another Chinese Type-69-II
IMAGEChinese Type-80 (not to be confused with Russian T-80)
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-80
IMAGEYet Another Chinese Type-80
IMAGEAnd Another Chinese Type-80
IMAGEChinese Type-85-2
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-85-2
IMAGEYet Another Chinese Type-85-2
IMAGEAnd Another Chinese Type-85-2
IMAGEOne More Chinese Type-85-2
IMAGEYes, A Chinese Type-85-2
IMAGEChinese Type-85-3
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-85-3
IMAGEYet Another Chinese Type-85-3
IMAGEAnd Another Chinese Type-85-3
IMAGEOne More Chinese Type-85-3
IMAGEChinese Type-85-3
IMAGELast Image of Chinese Type-85-3
IMAGEChinese Type-88B
IMAGEAnother Chinese Type-88B
IMAGEChinese Type-88C
IMAGEChinese Type-90-II
IMAGEChinese Type-90-II
IMAGEChinese Type-90-II
IMAGEChinese Type-90-II
IMAGEChinese Type-90-II
IMAGEAnother pic of Chinese Type-90-II
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEInside the Chinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEChinese Type-90-III
IMAGEFrench LeClerc Tank
IMAGEAnother French LeClerc Tank
IMAGEExcellent Cutaway View of French Centaur-3 AFV
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEFrench Centaur-3
IMAGEGerman Leopard-2A6
IMAGEAnother (very nice) picture of T-28 SuperHeavy Tank
IMAGEIndian Arjun Tank
IMAGEIranian T-72Z Safir
IMAGEIranian Zolfaqar AFV
IMAGEAnother Iranian Zolfaqar AFV
IMAGEIranian Zolfaqar AFV
IMAGEIranian Zolfaqar AFV
IMAGEIranian Zolfaqar AFV
IMAGEIranian Dio APC
IMAGEIranian Dio Scout
IMAGE<Iranian APC - Unidentified
IMAGEIranian APC - Unidentified
IMAGEIsraeli Merkava-2B
IMAGEIsraeli Merkava-2
IMAGEIsraeli Merkava-3X
IMAGEIsraeli Merkava-3
IMAGEAnother Israeli Merkava-3
IMAGEAnd Another Israeli Merkava-3
IMAGEIsraeli Merkava-4
IMAGEItalian Ariete Tank
IMAGEKorean K102 MBT
IMAGEKorean K1A1 MBT
IMAGEInside the Korean K1A1 MBT
IMAGEKorean K1A1 MBT
IMAGEKorean K1A1 MBT
IMAGELine Drawing of Hull Angles of Russian T-34 MBT
IMAGEVery Detailed Line Drawing of Russian T-34 MBT
IMAGERussian TOS-1 "Missile Tank" (T-72 conversion)
IMAGERussian TOS-1 220mm Missile Platform on T-72 Hull
IMAGELine Drawing of Russian T-90S
IMAGEImage of Turkish "SuperHowitzer"
IMAGET-55S MBT Upgrade
IMAGEBig Frontal Picture of Vihor MBT
IMAGEM-55 MBT On Display
IMAGEExcellent Image of M-55
 
Armor - Historical Interest
TEXTVarious MBT WWII-era Armor Factoids [text]
TEXTHistory of Schurzen Armor [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Schurzen: General Effects of Light Spaced Armor [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Schurzen vs 14.5mm "Myth" [text]
TEXTMore Schurzen Speculation [text]
TEXTMore Speculation on Schurzen vs 14.5mm [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Schurzen vs 14.5mm and Other Munitions [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Bullet Splash in WW-I Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Defining "NATO Triple Heavy" Armor Specification
TEXTDiscussion - French Testing of WWII German Tank Armor
 
Armor - Modern Developments
PDF Composites for Ballistic Applications by Paul J Hogg, essay on composite armors for fighting vehicles
TEXTDiscussion - RHA (Rolled Homogeneous Armor), definition + specifications
PDF RHA prolonged description + specifications
HTMLRHA vs Titanium Armor -- Comparison and Contrast
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Chobham Armor Hardness [text]
TEXTDiscussion - More M1 Chobham Armor Hardness [text]
TEXTDiscussion - More M1 Chobham Armor Hardness [text]
HTMLDiscussion - HESH vs Modern Armor (includes Chobham/Burlington discussion)
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Chobham+DU Speculation
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - M1A2 Armor Trivia, KE Penetrator Book References
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - T-90 Armor Speculation
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Stats on Russian Armor and NATO Munitions
TEXTAlumina Arrangement in T-80U Armor
TEXTUtility of Boron Carbide, Alumina, and Other Ceramics as Armor Component
HTMLDiscussion - Modern Armor Composition and Penetration
HTMLDiscussion - Knowledge and Speculation on Chobham Composition
HTMLDiscussion - Iraqi Al-Khafji Composite Armor
HTMLMention of Al-Khafji (et al) Armor Refit Kits
HTMLOverview of Materials Used in Composites
HTMLHigh Performance Ceramics by Dr. Nahed El-Mahallawy
HTMLWeak Points and Automatic Fire
TEXTA brief blurb I wrote on how modern armor materials are supposed to work
TEXTDiscussion - Armor Thicknesses on German Leopard-2A4S MBT
TEXTDiscussion - Protection Levels of German Leopard-2A4 and -2A5
TEXTDiscussion - Russian Armor Protection Levels and American Penetration Criteria
TEXTDiscussion - Armor Weak Spots in Russian Tanks
TEXTDiscussion - Summary of What is Publicly Known About M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - Definition of "NATO Triple Heavy"
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTDiscussion - M1 Abrams Armor Composition
TEXTJoke: Why "RHA Equivalence" is Like Weighing Pigs
HTMLVickers Awarded Contract to Develop Fiberglass AFV Armor
HTMLTsNIIO 643a Testing Grounds - Testing the T-80U and T-90 Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Speculation on Modern Compound Armor Composition
TEXTIneel Develops "Super Hard" Steel Surface Treatment
TEXTDiscussion - The Armor Envelope - Why Bigger Isn't Necessarily Better
TEXTDiscussion - Thickness and Speculation of Leopard-II Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Approximation of Leopard-II Turret Top Armor Thickness
HTMLLow-Cost Titanium Armors for Combat Vehicles
TEXTDiscussion - Physics of Composite Armor Components
PDFQuartz Fiber Composites Overview
PSVickers Developing Composite Fiberglass Armor
PDF Khafji Armor Captured [.pdf]
 
Active and Unconventional Tank Protection Devices
HTMLExcellent History and Overview of Explosive Reactive Armors (from Fofanov's site)
TEXTDescription of Reactive Armor's Action [text]
IMAGESmall illustration of how Explosive Reactive Armor works
PDF Background History of Explosive Reactive Armor
HTMLDiscussion - Considerations in Reactive Armor
HTMLRussian Kontakt-5 Reactive Armor (from Fofanov's site)
PDFQuick Overview of Reactive Armor History (fragment of larger document)
HTMLKontakt-5 Heavy ERA, Used by "Invulnerable" T-90S
HTMLExplosive Reactive Armor by Mark Diehl
TEXTDiscussion - Kontakt-5 ERA vs Tandem HEAT Warheads
TEXTCountering Explosive Reactive Armor Cheaply and Easily
HTMLUsing Electrical Energy to Destroy Penetrators
TEXTDiscussion - Electric Effect Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Electric Effect Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Electric Effect Armor
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - M1A2 Blow-Out Panels
HTMLRussian DROZD (Thrush) Active Protection System (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLRussian ARENA Active Protection System (from Fofanov's site)
TEXTDiscussion - Profile's Impact on Protection and Weight
TEXTDiscussion - Counterpoints to Profile's Impact on Protection and Weight
TEXTDiscussion - Rebuttal to Counterpoints to Profile's Impact on Protection
TEXTDiscussion - Advantages to High Profiles in Fighting Vehicles
 
Guns
PDF Studies on Germany's Future 140mm Tank Gun Systems - Conventional and ETC by Kruse and Weise, 34th Gun and Ammunition Symposium and Exhibition 26-29 April 1999
TEXTPressure, Resistence, Mass, and Necking in MBT Guns [text]
TEXTRecoil and KE Penetrator Optimum Velocity [text]
TEXTM1 Stabilization, Strafing, and Leading [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Maximum Recoil per Vehicle Mass [text]
HTMLRussian Utjos 12.7mm AAMG (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLRussian Kord 12.7mm Machine Gun (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLRussian 125mm 2A46 / 2A46M Main Guns (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLRussian Autoloader for 2A46M in T-72 and T-90 (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLRussian Autoloader for 2A46M in T-64 and T-80 (from Fofanov's site)
PDFArmy Ammunition Data Sheets -- 5.56mm to 30mm
HTMLDiscussion - Muzzle Velocities and Barrel Pressures of 120mm Gun used on M1
TEXTDiscussion - Barrel Flex Limiting APFSDS Accuracy
TEXTDiscussion - MetalStorm Experimental Gun
HTMLAdvantages to Large-Bore Cannon in Infantry Overwatch Vehicles
TEXTDiscussion - Experimental "Metal Storm" System
TEXTDiscussion - Some Advantages to Rifled Tank Guns
TEXTDiscussion - Turret Rings and Gun Upgrades
 
Small Arms - Man-Portable and Personal Weapons
PDFOverview of Medium-Caliber Munitions
TEXTDiscussion - Sniping and Wind
TEXTDiscussion - Using Thermite vs Tanks
HTMLDevelopmental History of Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
HTMLDescriptions of the M2 and M3 (Lightweight) Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifles
HTMLMore on Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifles (M2 and M3)
IMAGEImage of Carl Gustav "Light" Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of Ammunition for the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
IMAGEImage of Ammunition for the Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle
 
Munitions - General (and documents referring to multiple munition types)
This section is for documents which either refer to munitions in general, or to many different kinds of munitions.  The sections below it are for documents which refer to a specific kind of munition.
HTMLDiscussion - Modern Armor vs HEAT and APFSDS
TEXTWhy MBT Munitions Should be Fin-Stabilized [text]
HTMLVarious Russian Tank Munitions (from Fofanov's site)
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Stats on Russian Armor and NATO Munitions
HTMLThermobaric Warhead for RPG-7 (Jane's Defense)
HTMLFuel-Air Explosive Ingredients
PDFIntroduction to Mines
HTMLBasic Introduction to HEAT, HESH, APFSDS, and Other Munitions
TEXTDiscussion - OICW's 20mm Explosive Munition
TEXTDiscussion - 7.62mm Bullet Trivia
TEXTDiscussion - Considerations in 7.62mm NATO Munitions
TEXTDiscussion - Israeli Tank-Fired Antipersonnel Flechette Munition
TEXTDiscussion - Future of Small Arms in American Military
TEXTDiscussion - Bullet Ballistics
TEXTDiscussion - Projectile Weapons vs Shock Weapons
TEXTDiscussion - "Slap Detonators"
TEXTDiscussion - Sniper Rifles
TEXTDiscussion - Sniping and Wind Shear
TEXTDiscussion - Israeli Flechette-Using Anti-Personnel Munition
TEXTDiscussion - HEAT-MP "Multi Purpose" Munition vs Fortified Structures
 
Munitions - HEAT
HEAT stands for High Explosive Anti-Tank, and refers to a kind of explosive warhead which uses a precisely-machined shaped charge to focus the energy of its detonation onto a very small point on the target's armor.
TEXTHEAT Standoff Penetration Chart [text]
TEXTMore HEAT Standoff Penetration [text]
TEXTSpin-Stabilization of HEAT Munitions [text]
TEXTUses and Misuses of HEAT vs HEAT-MP [text]
TEXTQuantification of Effects of Spaced, Angled Armor [text]
TEXTDiscussion - Interesting Takes on Mechanics of Spaced Armor vs HEAT[text]
IMAGEPicture of Cutaway of Russian 3BK18M 125mm HEAT Round
IMAGEPicture of Cutaway of American M712 "Copperhead" 155mm Artillery Munition
IMAGEPicture of Cutaway of American M830-2 120mm HEAT Round
IMAGELine Drawing of HEAT Munition Cutaway View
IMAGELine Drawing of MPAT Munition Cutaway View
IMAGELine Drawing of STAFF Munition Cutaway View
FOLDERCollection of Articles About Shaped Jets
TEXTDiscussion - Proximity Fuze on HEAT-MP for Enhancing Utility vs Helicopters
 
Munitions - HESH
HESH stands for High Explosive Squash Head.  HESH is its British name, and it is usually referred to in the United States as HEP: High Explosive Plastic.  It refers to a warhead containing a soft, malleable high explosive payload which splats against its target and flattens itself onto its surface before detonating.  This has some interesting effects and uses.
HTMLDiscussion - HESH Warhead
HTMLDiscussion - HESH vs Modern Armor (includes Chobham/Burlington discussion)
HTMLTest-Firing HESH Munitions at Tanks
HTMLTankNet Forum Discussion of HESH
TEXTDiscussion - HESH Damage Area of Effect
TEXTDiscussion - HESH Effectiveness Velocity Window
TEXTDiscussion - HESH vs Modern Armor
TEXTDiscussion - Inflicting Soft-Kill with HESH
TEXTDiscussion - "Softening" Effect of HESH on Composite Armor
 
Munitions - APFSDS (KE)
APFSDS stands for Armor Peircing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot, and refers to a long, thin Kinetic Energy (KE) penetrating rod (usually tungsten or depleted uranium (DU)) which uses a plastic or metal "shoe" (sabot) to fit snugly inside the bore of a large-diameter gun.  After having been fired, the sabot falls off, leaving only the dart-like penetrator to fly through the air and strike its target at very high velocity.  It is stabilized en route by the fins on its back end.  APFSDS is considered the best tank-killing munition on the field today, when fired from a high-pressure, large-bore main gun.
TEXTDiscussion - T-90 vs M1A2 - Formula for Computing Penetration of APFSDS
HTMLMasses, Speeds, Dimensions of Various 105mm, 120mm APFSDS-DU
HTMLMasses, Speed of 120mm M829A1 APFSDS-DU
HTMLMass, Speed of 105mm M900 APFSDS-DU
TEXTDiscussion - Practical Limits on Velocities of KE Penetrators [text]
TEXTSegmenting KE Penetrators to Counter Reactive Armor [text]
HTMLA Brief History of APFSDS Development
IMAGECutaway of an APFSDS Munition
IMAGEZoomed-In Image of M919
IMAGELine Drawing of APFSDS Munition Cutaway View
HTMLDepeleted Uranium - Medical Hazards, Protocol, Related Info
IMAGEAPFSDS Shedding its Sabot In-Flight
TEXTDiscussion - 25mm APFSDS Penetrator Dimensions
TEXTDiscussion - 25mm APFSDS Penetrator Dimensions
TEXTDiscussion - Penetration Capabilities of 25mm Oerlikon Contraves
TEXTDiscussion - Penetration Capabilities of 25mm APFSDS Derived
TEXTDiscussion - Penetration Capabilities of 30mm Thunderbolt
TEXTDiscussion - Reference to ODS Experience of APFSDS vs T-72 Turrets
TEXTDiscussion - Diameter of 25mm APFSDS Penetrator
TEXTDiscussion - Oversized Fins on Russian APFSDS
TEXTDiscussion - Why APFSDS is Less Effective vs Light Armored Vehicles
 
Missiles
All Russian MBT's since the 1960's have been able to fire anti-tank missiles from their main guns.  Anti-tank missiles in general carry one or two HEAT warheads.
HTMLRussian 9K119M/9M119M Refleks-M ATGW (AT-11) Anti-Tank Missile (from Fofanov's site)
HTMLThreat Update: The Khrizantema Missile System by WO1 Michael P McGeever
PDFHELLFIRE: Getting the Most from a Lethal Missile System by Captain Adam W Lange, ARMOR Magazine, January 1998
PDFMethods for Foiling Missile Countermeasures
TEXTDiscussion - Penetration Capabilities of Man-Portable ATGM's
TEXTDiscussion - Hellfire HE-MP Warhead Antipersonnel Effects
TEXTDiscussion - Area of Effect for HELLFIRE HE-MP Variant
IMAGEImage of Shipon Anti-Tank Missile Shoulder Launcher
TEXTDiscussion - Circumstances Contributing to Economy of Missiles
 
Artillery (Howitzers, Mortars, et al)
HTMLRussian AGS-30 Fully-Automatic 30mm Mortar
TEXTDiscussion - Effects of 155mm Artillery Shells on MBT [text]
TEXTMass and Dimensions of Large Artillery Shells
TEXTFinnish Artillery Improvements
TEXTConsiderations in Mortar Lengths and Deployment
TEXTDiscussion - 155mm "Copperhead" Anti-Tank Artillery Munition
TEXTDiscussion - Howitzers, Muzzle Velocity and Maximum Altitude
TEXTDiscussion - Methods of Aiming and Stabilizing Artillery
TEXTDiscussion - Methods of Mortar Aiming
TEXTDiscussion - Reference to Armscorp Mortar FCS Technology Demonstrator
TEXTDiscussion - Methods of Mortar Aiming
TEXTDiscussion - Mortars in Theory and Practice
TEXTDiscussion - Mortars in Theory and Practice
TEXTDiscussion - Russian Guided Mortar Munitions
TEXTDiscussion - 155mm Copperhead in ODS: Ambiguous Results
TEXTDiscussion - "In exercise everybody wants range, in war they all want weight."
 
Strategy and Tactics
PDFMarine Commanders' Tactical Handbook
HTMLCorrecting Myths About the Persion Gulf War: The Last Stand of the Tawakalna by Stephen A Bourque (good, informative read, even though an army pal of mine who attended ODS contradicts him on a couple points)
HTMLDiscussion - Tanks vs Molotovs
TEXTDiscussion - Unit Composition for Anti-Partisan Force
TEXTDiscussion - Excerpt from Basic Anti Armor Warfare by Eduardo
TEXTSuggested Reading - Bunch of Five by General Frank Kitson, on Anti-Partisan Tactics
TEXTDiscussion - Arguments Advocating Heavy Mobile Armor in Land Battles
TEXTDiscussion - Advancing in Fog
TEXTDiscussion - Summary of Why Iraq Lost Operation Desert Storm
TEXTDiscussion - Attacking M1 Abrams' Air Intake (also: valuable safety tip -- M1's lubricating oil contains neurotoxic additive)
TEXTDiscussion - Killing the M1 Abrams on a Shoestring Budget
HTML[Strategy] The Enemy as a System by Colonel John A Warden III, US Air Force
 
Miscellaneous
Nifty factoids that didn't seem to fit anywhere else.
HTMLMaterial Construction Methods Using Explosives (1989)
TEXTTaking on an MBT with Bare Hands - not recommended [text]
TEXTReference to new EMP/RF Weapons for Export [text]
TEXTDescription of WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery by Bird and Livingston [text]
TEXTPoints Regarding Vulnerability of Unsupported Armor [text]
HTMLDiscussion - Good Points on MBT Reliability and Mobility
HTMLMedium-Duty Trucks, Technicalities Applicable to MBT Technology
PDFChina's Army Modernization Effort
HTMLNext-Generation Electrical Systems for Future Applications
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar 3126B Engine
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar 3406C Engine
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar C10 Engine
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar C12 Engine
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar C15 Engine
PDFSpecifications - Caterpillar C16 Engine
HTMLAccountability and Confidentiality in Israeli Military Procurement by Prof. Gerald Steinberg
HTMLMVM's List of Military Vehicle Links
HTMLOverview of Iranian MBT Development, circa 1998
HTMLMilitary Vehicles Dealers Directory
TEXTDiscussion - American Paramilitary, Robotic Small Arms Platform
TEXTDiscussion - American Paramilitary, Robotic Small Arms Platform
TEXTDiscussion - One Man's APC Features Wish-List
TEXTDiscussion - Futility of Comparing Modern Tanks
TEXTDiscussion - History of Crude Firearms in WW-II
TEXTDiscussions - Limits of Air Power vs Land Forces
TEXTDiscussion - Speculations on America's Future Light Brigade
HTMLThe 1000 Horsepower EB 16-4 Veyron - Good Potential Engine for AFV
PSEB 16-4 Veyron Document with Images Intact
TEXTAmerican Paramilitary - Robotic Gun Platform
TEXTBrief Overview of Common Land Warfare Systems
TEXTDiscussion - Recommended Reading (Book) for Antiguerilla Tactics
TEXTEarly Tanks and "Bullet Splash"
TEXTDiscussion - Current Iranian Armored Vehicle Inventory
TEXTDiscussion - The Limits of Using Air Forces Against Ground Forces
TEXTRecommended Reading for Tank Design
PDFComposite Processing
 
External Links
LINKProceedings of 19th International Symposium on Ballistics
LINKModern Tanks Discussion Forum
LINKUsed Tanks for Sale (David Uhrig)
LINKMore Tanks for Sale (lionheart)
LINKYet More Tanks for Sale (UK)
LINKMilitary Vehicle Preservation Association
LINKSouthern California Military Vehicle Collectors Club
LINKThe Military Vehicle Owners of Orange County
LINKChris Conners' Armored Fighting Vehicle Database
LINKM114 Armored Command and Recon Stats (from Chris Conners' AFV-DB)
LINKSome Else's Huge Collection of Military Resources
LINKGlobal Security - John Pike's (formerly of FAS) new repository for land combat systems information.  More up-to-date than FAS's dod-101 repository.
LINKUnited Defense Official M113 Home Page
LINKM113 History: From M75 to M113
LINKFederation of American Scientists (FAS)
LINKVasiliy Fofanov's Modern Russian Armor [NEW LOCATION]
 
 
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